Hesperitin is one of the Citrus bioflavonoids. I have also seen it spelled hesperetin.
A high-vegetable diet with various fruits and vegetables daily including on average one glass of orange juice, one-half orange and one-half mandarin provides 130 mg of hesperetin and 30 mg of naringenin.
Benefits of Hesperitin flavonoid
research
Hesperitin has antioxidant and
anti-inflammatory properties. Hesperidin can also act as a vasodilator, which may be useful in
Hypertension.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015. Health-promoting Effects of the Citrus Flavanone Hesperidin. Preclinical studies and clinical trials demonstrated therapeutical effects of hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin in various diseases, such as neurological disorders, psychiatric disorders and cardiovascular diseases and others, due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, lipid-lowering and insulin-sensitizing properties.
Cell Biochem Funct. 2013. Letter to editor: hesperetin and its anti-neoplastic effects in systemic malignancies. Comment on Hesperetin impairs glucose uptake and inhibits proliferation of breast cancer cells.
Hesperetin or Hesperitin study
Structure-activity relationship (SAR) between some natural
flavonoids and ocular blood flow in the rabbit.
J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2004.
Flavonoids with two to five hydroxy groups, with or without
sugar, and/or methoxy groups were studied on their effects to affect
ocular blood flow. METHODS: Colored microsphere technique was used to
determine the ocular blood flow in rabbit eyes. Flavonoids with
three free hydroxy (OH) groups seemed to produce the optimal effects in
increasing ocular blood flow (naringenin and hesperitin, Pfalts and Bauer,
Waterbury, CT). Whether the OH groups are below three (naringenin,
hesperitin, Pfalts and Bauer, Waterbury, CT) or above four (Quercetin,
Pfalts and Bauer, Waterbury, CT), they produced no effects on the ocular
blood flow. When OH groups are four (rutin, Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI), it
produced mixed effects on ocular blood flow. The attachment of rutinose
and/or methoxy group in the structure did not affect the ocular blood flow
one way or the other. CONCLUSION: The ocular blood flow is increased
significantly by the number of OH group in the molecule, with three the
best to increase the ocular blood flow.
Comparative study of the vasorelaxant activity, superoxide-scavenging
ability and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase-inhibitory effects of
hesperetin and hesperidin.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004;
This study investigated the vasorelaxant activity, superoxide radicals
(O2(*-))-scavenging capacity and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE)-inhibitory
effects of hesperidin and hesperetin, two flavonoids mainly isolated from
citrus fruits. Hesperetin concentration-dependently relaxed the isometric
contractions induced by noradrenaline (NA, 1 microM) or by a high
extracellular KCl concentration in intact rat isolated thoracic
aorta rings. However, hesperetin (10 microM-0.3 mM) did not affect the
contractile response induced by okadaic acid (OA, 1 microM). Mechanical
removal of endothelium and/or pretreatment of aorta rings with
glibenclamide (GB, 10 microM), tetraethylammonium or nifedipine did not significantly modify the vasorelaxant
effects of this flavonoid. Hesperetin (10 microM-0.1 mM) did not affect
the basal uptake of (45)Ca but decreased the influx of (45)Ca(2+)
induced by NA and KCl in endothelium-containing and endothelium-denuded
rat aorta. Hesperetin (10 microM-0.1 mM) did not scavenge O2(*-) generated
by the phenazine methosulfate (PMS)-reduced beta-nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide (NADH) system. Hesperetin (0.1 mM) significantly reversed the
inhibitory effects of NA (1 microM) and high KCl (60 mM) on cyclic
nucleotide (cAMP and cGMP) production in cultured rat aortic myocytes.
Hesperetin preferentially inhibited calmodulin (CaM)-activated PDE1 and
PDE4 isolated from bovine aorta with IC(50) values of about 74 microM and
70 microM respectively. In contrast, the 7-rhamnoglucoside of hesperetin,
hesperidin (10 microM-0.1 mM), was inactive in practically all
experiments, although it inhibited basal and cGMP-activated PDE2 isolated
from platelets. These results suggest that the vasorelaxant effects of
hesperetin are basically due to the inhibition of PDE1 and PDE4
activities.
Interaction between flavonoids and the blood-brain barrier: in vitro
studies.
J Neurochem. 2003.
There is considerable current interest in the neuroprotective effects
of flavonoids. This study focuses on the potential for dietary flavonoids,
and their known physiologically relevant metabolites, to enter the brain
endothelium and cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) using well-established
in vitro models (brain endothelial cell lines and ECV304 monolayers
co-cultured with C6 glioma cells). We report that the citrus flavonoids,
hesperetin, naringenin and their relevant in vivo metabolites, as well as
the dietary anthocyanins and in vivo forms, cyanidin-3-rutinoside and
pelargonidin-3-glucoside, are taken up by two brain endothelial cell lines
from mouse (b.END5) and rat (RBE4). In both cell types, uptake of
hesperetin and naringenin was greatest, increasing significantly with time
and as a function of concentration. In support of these observations we
report for the first time high apparent permeability (Papp) of the citrus
flavonoids, hesperetin and naringenin, across the in vitro BBB model
(apical to basolateral) relative to their more polar glucuronidated
conjugates, as well as those of epicatechin and its in vivo metabolites,
the dietary anthocyanins and to specific phenolic acids derived from
colonic biotransformation of flavonoids. The results demonstrate that
flavonoids and some metabolites are able to traverse the BBB, and that the
potential for permeation is consistent with compound lipophilicity.
Flavanone absorption after naringin, hesperidin, and citrus
administration.
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1996.
Disposition of citrus flavonoids was evaluated after single oral doses
of pure compounds (500 mg naringin and 500 mg hesperidin) and after
multiple doses of combined grapefruit juice and orange juice and of
once-daily grapefruit. Cumulative urinary recovery indicated low
bioavailability ( < 25%) of naringin and hesperidin. The aglycones
naringenin and hesperitin were detected in urine and plasma by positive
chemical ionization-collisionally activated dissociation tandem mass
spectrometry (PCI-CAD MS/MS). After juice administration, PCI-CAD MS/MS
detected naringenin, hesperitin, and four related flavanones, tentatively
identified as monomethoxy and dimethoxy derivatives. These
methoxyflavanones appear to be absorbed from juice. Absorbed citrus
flavanones may undergo glucuronidation before urinary excretion.
Questions
Can a flavonoid supplement be taken the same day as
ahcc mushroom extract,
serrapeptase
enzyme, coq10 or
saw palmetto?
As long as the dosages are not excessive, this
should be okay.